Foto Kota Lama (Baku)

20160604_Azerbaijan_6878 Baku sRGB dengan Dan Lundberg

Restored gate leading to the Old City. Baku, the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula which juts out from the western coast of the Caspian Sea. At 28m/92ft below sea level, Baku is the lowest-lying national capital in the world. The Romans reached Baku in the 1st century. During the 8th century the area became the realm of the Arab Shirvanshahs. Their court moved to Baku in 1191 after the Shirvan capital of Shamakhi, a key town on the Silk Road a ways inland, was devastated by an earthquake. The Shirvanshahs built massive fortifications and a palace complex. The Persian Safavids seized Baku in 1501, forcibly converting the inhabitants from Sunni to Shia Islam. Control of the city shifted between the Persians and the Ottoman Turks until Peter the Great captured Baku in in 1723. Then it was the Russians’ turn to trade control with the Persians who finally conceded via three treaties in the first part of the 19th century. Since at least the 10th century, oil has been gathered in the region, initially from surface diggings. Deregulation of commercial extraction in 1872 made Baku a boom town, such that it was producing nearly 50% of the world’s petroleum by 1905. Oil drilling has subsequently expanded into the Caspian Sea. After the 1917 October Revolution, Bolsheviks united with Dashnaks [the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF), an Armenian nationalist and socialist political party founded in 1890] to take control of Baku which resulted in the March Days (30 March – 2 April 1918) which saw the massacre of 3,000-12,000 Azerbaijanis and other Muslims (a genocide according to Azerbaijan officials). That was followed six months later by the September Days when the Ottoman Turks attacked Baku and massacred 10,000-30,000 Armenians. Meanwhile the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) declared its independence becoming the first modern parliamentary republic in the Muslim world which then extended suffrage to women to be the first Muslim nation to accord women equal political rights with men. That independence was short-lived as the Soviet Red Army invaded to get Baku’s oil and established the Azerbaijan SSR in 1920. Azerbaijan declared its independence from the USSR in 1991. The Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. On Google Earth: gate in Old City wall 40°21'57.46"N, 49°49'55.65"E
Kota Lama atau Kota Dalam (bahasa Azerbaijan: İçərişəhər) adalah pusat sejarah Baku, ibukota Azerbaijan. Kota Lama tersebut adalah bagian paling kuno di Baku, yang dikelilingi oleh tembok yang melindunginya. Baca lebih lanjut
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